Key Takeaway:
Differentiated Instruction (DI) isn’t as complicated as it might seem. It starts with a clear understanding of what DI truly is—and isn’t. Many educators are surprised at how easily it can be integrated into daily teaching.
1. DI Starts with Intentional Planning
In classrooms that use differentiated instruction, teachers begin by recognizing that every student learns differently. They intentionally plan lessons that offer multiple ways to absorb and express understanding. While teachers might still adjust for individual needs during the lesson, planning ahead with variety boosts the likelihood that all learners will find a suitable entry point. DI is designed to be rich and engaging for students across the learning spectrum.
2. DI Is About Quality, Not Just Quantity
A common misconception is that differentiation means assigning more tasks to high-achievers and fewer to those who struggle. For example, assigning two book reports to advanced readers and only one to others may seem logical—but it’s not effective. The quality of the assignment matters more than how much is given. A student who has mastered a concept needs to move forward, not do more of the same. Tailoring the type of task, rather than the amount, leads to better results.
3. DI Relies on Ongoing Assessment
Effective differentiation is based on deep knowledge of each learner. Teachers constantly gather information through student conversations, participation, classwork, and formal evaluations. Assessment is no longer just a final exam—it’s a continuous process. Teachers use diagnostic assessments at the beginning of units and adjust instruction throughout based on how students are progressing. Final projects vary to let each learner best demonstrate their understanding.
4. DI Offers Varied Approaches to Content, Process, and Output
Teachers work with three main parts of curriculum:
- Content: What students are learning
- Process: How students make sense of that content
- Product: How they show what they’ve learned
Differentiation offers multiple paths for each of these elements. Students may explore ideas in different ways, using different tools, and showcase their learning through varied final products. These customized experiences help every learner progress toward shared goals.
5. DI Keeps Students at the Center
DI is rooted in student interest and relevance. Not all students connect with content in the same way, and they don’t all come with the same background knowledge. A differentiated classroom acknowledges this and provides tasks that are appropriately challenging for each student. A task that’s easy for one might be overwhelming for another. By focusing on the individual, DI helps every learner grow from their starting point.
6. DI Combines Group, Individual, and Whole-Class Teaching
Whole-class teaching has its place—it’s great for introducing concepts and fostering shared understanding. But DI classrooms mix this with time for small groups and solo work. There’s a rhythm to it: start together, then break off into personalized learning experiences, and regroup to reflect and share.
7. DI Is Flexible and Continuously Evolving
Teaching in a differentiated classroom is a fluid, ongoing process. Teachers and students learn together. While the teacher may guide the learning, they also adapt constantly based on feedback and observation. Adjustments are made to ensure each student remains connected, challenged, and supported.
Source:
Adapted from How to Differentiate Instruction in Academically Diverse Classrooms (3rd Edition) by Carol Ann Tomlinson. ©2017, ASCD.
